Перед нашою школою стоїть задача підготувати
випускників середньої школи, які мають високий рівень знань іноземних мов. Отже,
учні повинні оволодіти іншомовним між культурним спілкуванням шляхом формування
і розвитку міжкультурної комунікативної компетенції. Вивчення на уроках
фразеологізмів, прислів’їв сприяє частковому
вирішенню цієї задачі.
1. A faithful friend is a medicine of life.3. A true friend is the best possession.5. A friend in need is a friend indeed.7. A friend to all is a friend to none.8. A friend in court is better than a penny in
purse.8. A hungry man smells meat
far off.
1. A good deed is never lost.1. A good beginning
makes a good ending. 2. A good beginning is
the half of the battle. 3. A constant dropping
wears away a stone
1. A drowning man catches at a straw. 1. A broken friendship may be soldered, but will
never be sound.2. A bitten child dreads the dog; a burnt child
dreads the fire.
Готуючи своїх учнів до олімпіад, навчая писати творчі
роботи, я завжди знайомлю їх з вимогами щодо усного і
письмового мовлення. Під час оцінки рівня мовленнєвої компетенції, враховуються
знання і уміння вживати розмовні формули, епітети, порівняння, метафори, прислів’я,
приказки ідіоми. До того ж у тестах для вступу до вищих навчальних закладів і у
тестах на перевірку знань англійської мови як іноземної (TOEFL) часто включаються завдання
на перевірку знань англійських прислів’їв та ідіом.
Використання прислів’їв і ідіом сприяє підвищеного
інтересу до предмету, поширює знання про мову, допомагає формуванню і
удосконаленню комунікативної і соціокультурної компетенції учнів. У майбутньому
учні будуть здатні здійснювати міжособистісне та між культурне спілкування з
носієм мови.
Вчитель може використовувати наступні прислів’я та
ідіоми на уроці.
Appearance
1. The eyes are the window of the soul.
2. Appearances are deceptive.
3. Never judge by
appearance.
4. Fine feathers make
fine birds.
5. Clothes make the
man.
6. A fair face may
hide a foul soul.
7. Handsome is as
handsome does.
8. It is not the gay
coat that makes the gentleman.
9. Prettiness makes no
pottage.
10.
Beauty fades like a flower.
11.
Fair without, false within.
Character
1. The greatest talkers are the
least doers.
2. Who knows most, speaks least.
3. He that will not be
counseled cannot be helped.
4. He that cannot obey cannot command.
5. He that once deceives is ever suspected.
6. A liar
is not believed when he tells the truth.
7.
An early riser
is sure to be in luck.
8.
Handsome is as
handsome does.
9. Every
man has his faults.
10. He is so full of
himself that he is quite empty.
Friends and
Friendship
2. Better an open enemy than a
false friend.
4. They are rich who have true
friends.
6. Prosperity makes friends
but adversity tries them.
9. Be slow in choosing a
friend, but slower in changing him.
10. Friendship, the older it
grows, the stronger it is.
11. Before you make a friend
eat a bushel of salt with him.
Business.
Job.
1. Business before
pleasure.
2. The work shows the
workman.
3. Idleness is the
mother of all evil.
4. Practice makes
perfect.
5. A bad shearer never
had a good sickle. (A bad workman quarrels with his tools).
6. Jack of all trades
is master of none.
7. The hardest work is
to do nothing.
8. Ninety per cent of
inspiration is perspiration.
9. Through hardship to
stars.
10.
What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
Health.
1. Wealth is nothing
without health.
2. Good health is
better than wealth.
3. The best doctors in
the world are: Doctor Diet, Doctor Quiet and Doctor Merry
Man.
4. A good laughter is
the best medicine.
5. He who has health
has hope, and he who has hope has everything.
6. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
7. A sound mind in a
sound body.
8. A
healthy mind in a healthy body.
9. Early
to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
10. Health is better
than wealth.
Mass Media
1.
When
a dog bites
a man, that is not
news, but when a
man bites a dog,
that is
the news.
2.
No
news is good
news.
3.
Bad
news had wings.
4.
Bad
news is soon
told.
5.
Believe no
news until it
is old.
6.
He
that brings good
news, knocks boldly.
7.
Ill
news is commonly
true.
8.
Ill
news travels fast.
Money. Debts.
1. A light purse makes
a heavy heart.
2. Much coin, much
care.
3.
A good name is better than riches.
4.
Money
begets money. Debt is the worst
poverty.
5. Creditors have
better memories than debtors.
6. A penny saved is a
penny gained
7. Take care of the
pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.
8. Want is the
whetstone of wit.
9. Necessity knows no law.
Meals
1.
Appetite comes with eating.
2.
Tastes differ
3. After dinner sit a while, after super walk a
mile.
4. You are what you eat.
5. The way to man’s heart
is through his stomach.
6. The belly has no ears.
7. Fair words fill not the belly.
9. Eat at pleasure, drink with measure.
10. We eat to live but we don’t live to eat.
Time
1. Time is money
2.
Time is gold.
3. Lost time is never
found again.
4. Time is the great
healer.
5. Time heals all
wounds.
6.
Time cures all things.
7. Time tames the
strongest grief.
8.
Time and tide wait for no man.
9.
Time flies.
10.
There is a time for everything.
Еducation
1.
Little knowledge is a dangerous thing
2. Knowledge is power
3. Live and learn
4. Better untaught than ill taught
5. Money spent on the brain is never spent in
vain.
American
Idioms
1. He is afraid of his own shadow. He is easily
frightened.
2. She is at sixes and sevens. She is not organized.
3. Stop beating around the bush. Stop avoiding the issue.
4. Joe’s in hot water.
Joe’s in trouble.
5. It happens once in a blue moon. It happens very seldom.
6. I put two and two together. I used facts to make my
decision.
7.
Can you lend me a
hand? Can you help me?
8.
Stop beating about
the bush. Stop delaying.
9. Drop me a line soon.
Write me a letter soon.
10.
Mom’s got a green
thumb. Mom’s is a successful
gardener.
11.
I’m all thumbs. I’m clumsy.
12.
It’s still up in
the air. It’s still undecided.
13.
Keep the ball
rolling. Continue the activity.
14.
I will leave no
stone unturned. I will try
everything.
15.
Let’s make
tracks. Let’s hurry.
16.
It happens once in
a blue moon. It happens very
seldom.
17.
Did he pop the
question? Did he ask you to marry him?
18.
You bet. Certainly.
19.
Can you lend me a
hand? Can you help me?
20.
I am tired; I think I’ll call it a day. I am tired; I think I’ll stop working.
Вчитель може використовувати прислів’я у своєму
мовленні на уроці. Це надає мові емоційності, сприяє вихованню і розвитку
особистості учня. Для реалізації цієї мети могуть бути використані наступні
прислів’я.
1. No pains, no gains.
2. Better to do well
than to say well.
3. By doing nothing we
learn to do ill.
4. Deeds, not words.
5. A cat in gloves
catches no mice.
6. Experience is the
mother of wisdom.
7. First think, then
speak.
8. A good beginning
makes a good ending.
9. Haste makes waste.
10.
Lost time is never found again.
11.
Never put off
till tomorrow what you can do today.
12.
Speaking without thinking is like a shooting without
aiming.
13.
What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
14. Practice makes perfect.
15. Repetition is the mother
of learning.
16.
Diligence is the mother of good luck.
17.
Success comes
in cans and failure comes in can’ts.
18.
No man is born
wise or learned.
19.
If at first you
don’t succeed, try, try and try again.
20.
Nothing comes from nothing.
Прислів’я, приказки та
ідіоми можна використовувати і під час вивчення граматики. Можна запропонувати
наступні вправи для введення, узагальнення, закріплення і повторення часів дієслова:
1.
Перекласти на рідну мову. Підібрати
синонім.
2.
Заповнити пропуски, поставивши дієслова
у необхідній часовій формі.
3.
Побудувати речення у заперечній формі.
4.
Поставити питання до даних прислів’їв.
5.
Прокоментувати вживання окремих
граматичних явищ у прислів’ях і цитатах. Перекласти
їх. Навести свої речення або ситуації.
6.
Із запропонованого списку дібрати відповідні
закінчення до прислів’їв.
7.
Звернути увагу на форму дієслова в
третій особі однини ( на вживання неправильних дієслів).
При вивченні ступенів порівняння прикметників просто
неможливо обійтись без прислів’їв та ідіом. Їх
використання робить процес засвоєння більш емоційним, цікавим, отже і легшим.
Можна попросити учнів перекласти наступні прислів’я і вжити їх у своїх ситуаціях або ж діалогах:
Two heads are better than one.
The greatest talkers are the least doers.
Fools are wise as long as silent.
Вивчаючи цю граматичну тему, обов’язково
розглядають ідіоми порівняння. Такі ідіоми порівняння як: as fit as a
fiddle, as hungry as a hunter, as busy as a bee, as pale as a paper, as poor as
a church mouse, as sound as a bell etc. роблять висловлювання яскравішим.
Ідіоми порівняння
as blind as a bat- completely blind.
as
fresh as a daisy- very bright,
active and untried.
as
happy as a lark -very happy.
as
stubborn as a mule- very stubborn.
as
alike as two peas (in a pod)-exactly alike.
as
cool as a cucumber -very calm and not at all upset or worried.
as
proud as a peacock-
very proud.
Коли ми розглядаємо утворення множини іменників, я
пропоную учням вивчити прислів’я з іменниками,
які утворюють множину не за загальним правилом, а саме:
Many men, many minds.
Geese with geese and women with women.
A cat in gloves catches no mice.
Вивчаючи числівники, можна вивчити такі прислів’я та ідіоми:
One today is worth two
tomorrow.
Two heads are better than one.
Four eyes see more than two.
As plain as two and two make
four.
Two is a company, but three is
none.
Score twice before you cut
once.
Rain before seven, fine before
eleven.
A cat has nine lives
In two
twos – терміново, зараз.
Baker’s
dozen – тринадцять.
Forty
winks – короткий сон; to have forty
winks – задрімати.
Like sixty
–дуже.
On all
fours – на карачках.
Ten to one - напевне ,
десять шансів проти одного.
To be at sixes and sevens – знаходитись у безладі,
догори
дригом; бути незібраним.
To put
two and two together – зрозуміти, зрозуміти що до чого.
To go fifty-fifty; fifty-fifty – амер. ділити порівну,
порівну.
Present
Simple
3d
Person Singular
1.
The appetite comes with eating.
2.
3. Bad news flies fast.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
4. Every cloud has a silver lining.
5. Failure teaches success.
Future Simple
1.
Truth will out.
2. Give him an inch and he’ll take an ell.
3. Love
will find a way.
4. Fair words will not make the pot play.
5. A drowning man will catch at a straw.
There
is (There are)
1. There is no rose without a thorn.
2. There is no rule without an exception.
3. There is a black sheep in every flock.
4. There are two sides to every question.
5. There are spots even on the sun.
The Present Perfect
Tense
1. As you have made your bed, so you must lie
on it
2. Every oak has been an
acorn.
3. When children stand quite
they have done something ill.
4. Don’t sell the bear’s skin
before you have caught the bear.
The Passive Voice
2. Much is expected where much is given.
3. Lost time is never found again.
4. A
workman is known by his work.
5. Success is never blamed.
Conditional Sentenses
1. If two ride on a horse, one
must ride behind.
2. If you run after two hares,
you will catch neither.
3. If you cannot have the best,
make the best of what you have.
4. When the cat is away, the mice
will play.
Can
1. No man can serve two masters.
2. You cannot judge a tree by its bark.
3 . You cannot make an omelet without breaking
eggs.
4. A man can do no
more than he can.
May
1. A cat may look at a king.
2. One false move may lose the
game.
3. Cloudy mornings may turn to
clear evenings.
Must
1. He that is afraid of wounds
must not come near a battle.
2. The best of friends must part.
3. He that does not venture must
not complain of ill-luck.
The
Infinitive
1. Better to do well, than to say well.
2. To know everything is to know nothing.
3. It is easy to be wise after the event.
4. It’s enough to make a cat laugh.
5. It’s never too late to mend.
The
Verbal Noun
4. After dinner comes reckoning.
5. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
The
Gerund
- Speaking
without thinking is shooting without aiming.
- Doing is
better than saying.
- There is no
accounting for tastes.
- It’s no use
crying over spilt milk.
The
Present Partiicple.
2. Let sleeping dog lie.
3. No living man all things
can.
4. Burning desire is worse
than fire.
The
Past Participle
3. He that once deceived is
ever suspected.
4. He that always complains is
never pitied.
5. Lost time is never found
again
The Imperative Mood
1. First think, then speak.
2. Be slow to promise and quick to perform.
3. Live and learn.
4. Eat at pleasure, drink at measure.
5. Promise little but do much
Вправи для
формування граматичної компетенції.
The
Present Simple Tense
I.
Open the brackets.
1. Manners … the man.
(to make)
2. An apple a day …
the doctor away.(to keep)
3. Misfortunes never …
alone. (to come)
4. Bad news … fast.
(to fly)
II.
Make the sentences
negative.
1 One swallow … a
summer. ( to make)
2. Man … by bread
alone. (to live)
3. Dog … dog. (to eat)
4. Clothes … a man.
(to make)
III.
Translate the
proverbs. Pay attention to the 3d person singular.
1. The appetite comes with eating.
2. Even Homer nods.
3. A good dog deserves a good bone.
4. A cat has nine lives.
5. A good beginning
makes a good ending.
IV. Read the list of proverbs. You are given two
minutes. Try to learn these proverbs and be ready to write them down. The more
you write, the better.
1. Silence means
consent.
2. Time flies.
3. Practice makes
perfect.
4. Time works wonders.
5. All is well that
ends well.
6. A new broom sweeps
clean.
7. A cat has nine
lives.
8. Love conquers all.
9. Ill news travels
fast.
10.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
V. Put general questions to the following proverbs.
1. The end crowns the
work.
2. Actions speak
louder than words.
3. Clothes make the
man.
4. Extremes meet.
5. The face is the
index of the mind.
6. A hungry belly has
no ears.
7. Appearances are
deceptive.
The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
I.
Translate the
following proverbs.
1. Better an open
enemy than a false friend.
2. The busiest men
find the most leisure.
3. As the days grow
longer, the storms are stronger.
4. Fools are wise as
long as silent.
5. The more haste, the
less speed.
II.
Complete the
proverbs. Use the adjectives in parentheses.
1. A good name is …
than riches. (good)
2. One’s bark is …
than one’s bite. (bad)
3. Blood is … than
water. (thick).
4. The grass is always
… on the other side of the fence. (green)
5. The greatest
talkers are the … doers. (little)
III.
Complete the
proverbs with the word combinations given below. Translate them.
1.
The apples on the other side of the wall …
2.
Every man is …
3.
The pen is mightier …
4.
Better an open enemy …
5.
Accidents will happen in …
a. than the sword
b. are the sweetest
c. the best regulated
families
d. than a false friend
e. nearest to himself
IV. Complete the proverbs.
1. Two heads are …
2. Honesty is …
3. Better late …
4. East or West …
5. The more haste, …
V.Use
the following idioms of comparison in the sentences or situations of your own.
as clear as the sun
as hungry as a hunter
as silent as the grave
as happy as a king
as fit as a fiddle
VI. Work in pairs. Proverb
matching. (Student A. receives the first
halves of the proverbs and student B. holds the other halves)
VII.
Work in groups of four. Make up a short story with the idioms of
comparison.
The Passive Voice
I.
Choose the proverbs
with the Passive Voice. Translate them.
1.
United we stand, divided we fall.
2.
Lost time is never found again.
3.
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
4.
Forbidden fruit is sweet.
5.
The devil is not so black as he is painted.
6.
A tree is known by its fruit.
7.
A good deed is never lost.
8.
Ill gotten, ill spent.
9.
Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.
10.
He that does not respect, is not respected.
II.
Read the following
quotations and proverbs and translate them.
1. Facts alone are
wanted in life. (Ch. Dickens)
2. Wisdom is only
found in truth. (I. W. Goethe)
3. The road to hell is
paved with good intentions. (S. Johnson)
4. The die is cast.
(Julius Caesar)
5. Lost time is never
found again. (B. Franklin)
6. The doors of wisdom
are never shut. (B. Franklin)
7. What is written
without effort is in general read without pleasure. (S. Johnson)
8. A liar is not believed
when he speaks the truth.
9. Much is expected
where much is given.
10.
Rome
Question
Tags
Complete the sentences with the
correct question tags.
1. Actions speak
louder than words, …?
2. Two wrongs don’t
make a right, …?
3. You cannot make an
omelet without breaking eggs, …?
4. A good deed is
never lost, …?
5. There is no place
like home, …?
6. There are spots
even on the sun, …?
7. An apple a day
keeps the doctor away, …?
8. Love will find a
way, …?
9. Rome
10. Things past cannot be recalled, …?
Звичайно, сформувати граматичну компетенцію лише за
допомогою прислів’їв, приказок та ідіом не можна.
Їх доречно використовувати для ілюстрації окремих граматичних явищ, для
автоматизації граматичних навичків.
Немає коментарів:
Дописати коментар